Appetite

How to handle some medical emergencies during health crisis?

Medical emergencies are not pre-planned. They occur all of a sudden. There is an emergency room available in all hospitals. What can be done to handle some medical emergencies that occur all of a sudden is described below:

- Asthma
When the symptoms of asthma like wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, breath shortness worsens until he / she is unable to speak more than four words, blueness around lips and reliever medication is ineffective, person should be admitted to the emergency room in which he would be put on a nebuliser in which oxygen is directly delivered to the lungs. Oxygen mask can also be used.

- Heart Attack
Symptoms of heart attack include pain across chest, arms, jaws or neck and it does not lessen with rest, nausea, vomiting, difficulty in breathing, rapid weak and irregular pulse. Move to an emergency room and on the way to hospital chew a 160mg aspirin to stop clumping of blood platelets. In an emergency room, ECG is done and blood studies are done. Intravenous nitroglycerine reduces heart’s oxygen need and improves coronary circulation. The chance of death is halved if you reach in first hour.

- Fractures
When a fracture is suspected, pain worsens with the movement, that particular area swells, a limb is crooked. Transport to an emergency room very carefully. In the emergency room, x-ray of the limb is done and broken bone ends are treated.To relieve pain, a muscle relaxant is given. The area is immobilized with plaster cast or splint.

- Internal Bleeding
Sometimes, there is internal bleeding after an injury. Symptoms are pale and clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, shallow and rugged breathing, fainting, swelling, pain and tenderness. While you are waiting for ambulance to go to an emergency room, raise the legs and cover with blanket and do not offer an food or water. In an emergency room, the person is diagnosed and then treated.

- Diabetes
Sometimes, the blood sugar falls below 50 because of delayed and missed meals, sudden vigorous activities, irregular medications. It results in blurred vision, numbness, paleness, headaches, unconsciousness, tingling in lips and and fingers. When a person is admitted to an emergency room, the IV fluids are administered.

- Poison
Induce vomiting if poison is not in the form of kerosene, gasoline, turpentine, cleaning fluid, insect sprays. In an emergency room, urine and blood tests are done to identify the poison and specific antidotes are suggested.

- Urinary Retention
Sometimes a person has a full bladder but they could not urinate. When you are admitted to an emergency room, a catheter is inserted to allow the person to empty the bladder.

- Heat Exhaustion
It can hit you in a hot, noisy, smoke filled disco or pub resulting in loss of electrolytes. In an emergency room, patient is pumped with IV fluids to revive the blood pressure.

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What are various disorders related with small intestine?

Small Intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract connecting the stomach and followed by the large intestine. It is the longest part of digestive system. It has many folds to fit itself in the abdomen. Small intestine is also called small bowel. Most of the digestion takes place in small intestine. It consists of duodenum, the ileum, and the jejunum.

A healthy digestive system is really important. There can be few problems related to small intestine. The disorders with small intestine are mainly due to infection by microbes or structural disorders. Some intestine disorders are:
- blockage
- infection
- tumor
- crohn’s disease
- celiac disease
- short bowel syndrome.

Blockage in small intestine can be due to any kind of pressure that is applied externally, tumor or some foreign bodies. This blockage prevents fluids and waste products from passing through the digestive tract. Feeling of nausea, vomiting, inflammation in abdomen is observed.

Infection in small intestine is because of some bacteria or virus. This is because of eating spoiled food and having spoiled drinks. Feeling of constipation, diarrhea, cramps and loss of appetite is observed.

Celiac disease of small intestine causes inflammation and damage of intestine lining when it is exposed to specific forms of glycoprotein and gluten protein. It is an auto-immune disease.

Short bowel syndrome is the condition in which about two third of the small intestine is not working properly. It is also known as short gut. The nutrients are not absorbed properly as a result a feeling of fatigue, pain in the abdomen, diarrhea and malnutrition can occur.

Small Intestine Cancer is one of most dangerous disorder of small intestine as the symptoms of this cancer are not observed at early stages, they are noticed at later stages. Symptoms of small intestine cancer includes very acute pain in abdomen and intestine, too much weakness and excessive weight loss.

Crohn’s disease is an auto immune disorder. It causes inflammation and swelling of the digestive tract. The symptoms and complications of crohn disease can vary depending on the location of the inflammation. Common symptoms that can be observed are diarrhea, weight loss, weakness, vomiting, skin problems.

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SBBOS), or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is an excessive bacterial growth in small intestine. Various symptoms include nausea, bloating, vomiting and diarrhea, which is caused by a number of mechanisms.

The Digestive System – what is it and why is it important for health ? Part 2

The digestive system allows the digestion and absorption of food and execution of waste products. There can be many problems associated with the digestive system which if ignored can lead to complex situations.

- Ulcerative Colitis
If a person is suffering from bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and anemia then it could be ulcerative colitis which is an inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectal lining. Drugs are needed to cure it.

- Liver disease
If a person is suffering from loss of taste, then it could be a possibility that he or she is affected by a liver disease.

- Diverculitis
If a person is suffering from severe stomach pain that does not abate within an hour and is not relieved by antacids, coupled with pain, recurrent diarrhea, fever, chills, nausea and vomiting then it could be diverculitis which is an infection of pouches on the wall of the colon that requires antibiotics, antispasmodics and a high fiber diet.

- Peptic Ulcer
If a person is suffering from persistent ache in the gut that lasts for more than a few days between meals and at rest together with flu like symptoms, weight loss or rectal bleeding, then it could be peptic ulcer which can be treated with antibiotics and antiulcerants.

- O-esophagus Cancer
If a person is suffering from difficulty in swallowing, weight loss, chest discomfort, heartburn then it could be the cancer of oesophagus and it can be diagnosed by a barium meal and endoscopy.

- Hiatal Hernia
If the food is regurgitated from the stomach into the mouth then there is a possibility that the person is facing from hiatal hernia in which the upper part of the stomach slide up through the opening in the diaphragm and is diagnosed with barium meal and is treated with surgery.

- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
If a person is suffering from fluctuation between diarrhea and constipation with stomach cramps which rarely hit you while you are asleep then it could be irritable bowel syndrome which can be treated with antispasmodic drugs, frequent small meals and fiber diet.

- Acidity or Heart Burn
If a person is suffering from a burning pain in the chest then it could be because of acidity which is often confused with a heart attack. When stomach’s excess acid is forced back up from the wind pipe, acidity bursts. Eating a rich spicy meal just before bed time is the main cause for acidity. Take an antacid and raise the head of your bed and sleep on your left side.

- Round Worms
If a person is suffering from anal itching then it could be because of round worms and you need a de-worming session.