Kidneys

The Urinary and Respiratory System – what is it and why is it important for health ? – Part 3

The Urinary System

It works through the kidneys, filters wastes for the blood and excretes them from the body. There are some problems associated with the urinary system. These are:

- Kidney or bladder infection
If the person is experiencing dull pains in lower back and it gets worsen and sometimes accompanied by burning sensation when urinating along with chills and fever, then it could be a kidney or bladder infection. Have a urine test done and keep a watch for sometime and if still persists, seek a medical advice.

- Kidney stone
If a person is experiencing steady pain in one or both testicles spreading to lower back then it could be a kidney stone and an ultra sonography is done and is removed by lithotripsy. Keep a watch for sometime and if still persists, seek a medical advice.

- Bladder infection
If the person is experiencing ache or burning that occurs during intercourse or urination and is also accompanied by discharge and blood then it could be a bladder infection. Keep a watch for sometime and if still persists, seek a medical advice.

- Enlarged prostate
If a person is experiencing poor urine flow, frequent urge to go to toilet in night, feeling of full bladder, traces of blood in urine or semen then it could an enlarged prostate which is benign or prostate cancer which can be confirmed by PSA test or digital rectal exam. Medication or surgery is needed.

The Respiratory System

It allows the oxygen to be breathed in and carbon dioxide to be breathed out. There are some problems associated with the urinary system. These are:

- Asthma
If a person is experiencing wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest, breathlessness and it worsens in night, then it can be asthma in which there is swelling and narrowed in air pathways and proper medications, relievers and prev-enters can be used. Seek medical advice immediately.

- Lung cancer
If a person is experiencing persistent cough, coughing out Blood, breath shortness and difficulty in swallowing then it could be lung cancer which needs medical attention immediately.

- Tuberculosis (TB)
If a person is experiencing exhaustion, night sweats, appetite loss, mild fever, cough often with blood then it could be TB which can be treated with medication. Keep a watch for sometime and seek medical advice.

- Pleurisy
If a person is experiencing pain which worsens while you breathe then it could be pleurisy which is an inflammation of pleura or membrane covering the lungs. Antibiotics can treat this condition.

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Acute Renal or Kidney Failure – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

When the kidney is not able to function properly, it is called acute renal or kidney failure or ARF. In acute renal failure, the kidney can stop functioning for few hours, days, weeks. The main function of kidneys is to filter and maintain electrolyte balance. When kidneys do not perform properly, the waste products are accumulated and the balance gets disturbed. Kidneys are responsible to excrete compounds with water to make urine. Kidneys help in regulating the blood pressure.

Acute renal failure is the result of body experiencing untoward like blood loss during surgery, injury or medicine overdose.
Chronic renal failure is due to long illness which affect the kidneys in long run.

CAUSES OF ACUTE KIDNEY OR RENAL FAILURE
Acute renal failure occurs when the kidney fails to push out these wastes or the everyday toxins out of the body in the form of urine.
It is caused by low blood, excess waste and enlargement pf prostrate.
- Some kidney disease.
- If the blood flow is decreased because of some kind of injury, dehydration, surgery, some illness.
- Disorder that can caused clotting in kidneys.
- Any kind of infection or injuries to kidneys.
- Any disorder of urinal tract.
- Pregnancy disorders.
- Disruption of blood flow to kidneys because of heart or liver failure, blockage of blood vessel.

SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE KIDNEY OR RENAL FAILURE
- Problem in urination.
- Tiredness.
- Weakness.
- Nausea
- Swelling in legs and feet.
- Back pain.
- Confused state of mind.
- Shortness of breath.
- Affect oxygen metabolism causing organ failure.
- Potassium levels increase because of the incapability to excrete potassium.
- Urea levels increase in blood.
- Rapid breathing.

DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE RENAL OR KIDNEY FAILURE
- Blood tests like BUN, creatinine, and GFR are done to measure the buildup of waste products in the blood.
- Screening is done to measure electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and calcium.
- Kidney or abdominal ultrasound.
- Abdominal X-rays, abdominal CT scan, or abdominal MRI.

TREATMENT OF ACUTE RENAL OR KIDNEY FAILURE
- Prevent fluid and toxins to build up in the body.
- Follow the diet given by the doctor.
- Diet should be high in carbohydrates and low in protein, salt, and potassium.
- Dialysis may be needed if potassium levels increase.