This system is responsible the human race to continue their race. There are some problems associated with this system:

- Testicular Torsion
If the person is experiencing a severe rapid pain and occurs in one testicle and then spreads to the lower abdomen, then it could be testicular torsion where the testicle twists itself and blood supply is cut and medical treatment should be seek immediately.

- Epidiymitis or inflammation of the passage leading from testicles
If a person is experiencing pain in one or both testicles that lasts for more than few hours, red inflamed scrotum and flu like symptoms, then it could be epidiymitis and it can be treated by medicines and one should keep a watch for couple of days and if it still persists, seek medical advice.

- Testicle cancer
If a person is experiencing tenderness in testicle or if it feels harder than usual or uneven, then it can be testicle cancer which can be diagnosed by an ultrasound.

- Thrush, a fungal infection
If a person is experiencing a vaginal discharge which is thick white curdy in appearance accompanied with itching and irritation, then it can be thrush which is a fungal infection and it can be treated by some anti fungal creams or tablets.

- AIDS
If a person is experiencing weight loss of over 10%, fever for over a month, repeated infections and diarrhea for over three months then it can be AIDS and you should get tested for HIV.

- Gonorrhea
If a person is experiencing a thick smelly discharge from penis and a burning sensation when urinating, then it can be gonorrhea and treatment can be done with antibiotics.

- Genital Herpes Simplex (GHS)
If a person is experiencing a tickling or itching in the genital region or small blisters which burst and form scales, then it can be genital herpes simplex and it can be treated with creams but can reappear and can lead to cervix cancer.

- Polycystic Ovarian Disorder
If a person is experiencing weight gain, irregular periods, acne, excessive body hair and trouble in concerning, then it can be polycystic ovarian disorder and it can be treated with hormones.

- Syphillis
If a person is experiencing a small, hard and painless swelling at top of penis or near vagina opening or anal region, mouth, then it can be syphillis and it can be treated with antibiotics.

CAUSES OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME

- Energy respond differently to characters on computer screen as compared to printed characters.
- The characters on a computer screen neither have contrast or sharp edges. These characters have their brightness. maximally at the center and decrease in intensity towards their edges. It makes it difficult for eyes to maintain focus and remain fixed onto the images.
- The continuous flexing of the eyes focusing mechanism leads to fatigue and a burning, irritable, tired-eyes feeling that is so common after sitting long hours at computer.

PREVENTION OF COMPUTER VISION SYNDROME

- Wear proper glasses that will allow you to work comfortably and productively.
- Use proper lighting by eliminating harsh, distracting, exterior light that cause eye strain by closing drapes, shades or blinds. Reduce interior lighting by using fewer light bulbs or fluorescent tubes.
- Minimize glare.
- The computer display screen should be upgraded. New LCD screens are easier on the eyes. Select screen refresh rate of at least 75 Hertz. Maintain the highest resolution possible.
- The display settings should be set so the brightness of screen is about same as work environment.
- The text size should be three times the size of the smallest text you can read from a normal viewing position.
- Do not stare and work at a stretch at the computer. Blink often to avoid dryness and irritation. Tears coating the eye evaporate more rapidly during long non-blinking phases.
- Relax your eyes.
- Modify your workstation. If you need to look back and forth between a printed page and computer screen, it can cause eye strain.
- Stretching is necessary in between the work to prevent neck, back, and shoulder pain.
- Take a 10-min break every hour to stand up, move about and stretch.

- Over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers, such as paracetamol, or ibuprofen, can be taken to reduce discomfort.
- Drinking plenty of water is often recommended as a treatment for cystitis.
- If your symptoms are moderate, or severe, your GP may prescribe a short course of antibiotics. This will usually be in the form of a tablet to be swallowed 2-4 times a day, for three days.
- For a more complicated case of cystitis, such as cystitis with another underlying infection, you may be given antibiotics to take for 5-10 days.

How does a doctor diagnose cystitis?

The diagnosis of cystitis is primarily based on symptoms and signs. Visual appearance of the urine is not helpful. The most important examination of urine is done by chemical testing (dipstick test), which is very quick, and by urine culture where the specimen is sent to a hospital laboratory to grow and examine the bacteria. The specimen must be fresh. It is also important that the woman has separated her labia (lips) during urination, to avoid bacteria from the skin and vagina contaminating the specimen. If there is inflammation, the doctor will identify bacteria and red and white blood cells in the urine using the dipstick test. If this is positive, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics immediately while waiting for further confirmation from the urine culture.

- Drink as much fluid as you can to flush out the system, dilute the urine and reduce any stinging.
- For the first four hours try to drink a pint of water every hour even if the attack starts in the middle of the night.
- Then drink half a pint every two hours for the next eight hours.
- Drink bland fluids such as water, weak tea or fruit squash (avoid orange juice and carbonated drinks).
- Making the urine less acid will reduce any discomfort. Try a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda dissolved in a glass of water or preparations containing citrate.
- Women with high blood pressure or heart trouble should not take either bicarbonate of soda citrate without first consulting their doctor.
- Go to the lavatory as much as you need to, don’t try to ‘hold on’.
- Keep warm and place a well-covered hot water bottle over your tummy or between your thighs. A second one hot water bottle at your lower back may also help.
- Take one or two aspirin or paracetamol tablets for the pain.
- Avoid alcohol and sexual intercourse until you feel better.
- Rest as much as possible.
- Avoid vaginal deodorants and douches, perfumed soaps, bubble bath and talc, these may irritate the urethra. Showering rather than bathing may be helpful.
- Avoid tight trousers or underwear, especially if they’re made from artificial fibres. Choose cotton underwear with stockings and looser clothes such as skirts.
- Wipe from front to back.
- Anything that obstructs or blocks the urinary tract, such as a kidney stone, can lead to repeated attacks of cystitis. Certain tests can detect these conditions. Treating the underlying cause may solve the problem.
- Any damage to the lower back area can affect the nerves connecting to the bladder and make it impossible to empty it completely.
- Change immediately from wet clothes like after swimming.

Bacterial Cystitis

- When bacteria enter the urinary tract and start to multiply, bacterial cystitis can occur.
- Bacteria may enter through sexual intercourse, but the female genital and urinary tract naturally have bacteria that can cause infection.
- There are two primary types of bacterial infections of the bladder: community-acquired bladder infections and hospital-acquired, or nosocomial infections.

Noninfectious Cystitis

- When the bladder becomes inflamed for reasons other than bacteria, and when this happens, a diagnosis of noninfectious cystitis can be made.
- Types of cystitis in this category include drug-induced cystitis, radiation cystitis, foreign-body cystitis and chemical cystitis.
- Drug-induced cystitis occurs when medications irritate your bladder as the drugs are broken down and exit your body.
- Foreign-body cystitis typically occurs in people who have catheters for a period of time, which can lead to bacterial infections or tissue irritation.
- Radiation to the pelvic area, your bladder may become inflamed or irritated, which is radiation cystitis.
- Hypersensitivity to products like bubble bath or feminine hygiene products can cause chemical cystitis.

Eosinophilic Cystitis

- It is a rare form of cystitis that is diagnosed via biopsy.
- The cause of EC is also unknown though it has been triggered in children by certain medications.

Hemorrhagic Cystitis

It can occur as a side effect of cyclophosphamide therapy, and is often prevented by administering mesna.

Symptoms of Cystitis

- A burning, stinging or aching pain when you pass urine.
- A need to pass water very frequently, often only a small amount each time.
- Bloody or cloudy urine (severe cystitis).
- Pain or tenderness in your lower back or lower abdomen (tummy).
These symptoms can also be due to a sexually transmitted infection (STI) such as chlamydia. If you think you may have an STI, visit your GP or a sexual health clinic.

Causes of Cystitis

- When women insert a tampon there is a slight risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- When a urinary catheter is changed there may be damage to the area.
- There is a higher incidence of cystitis among women who use the diaphragm for contraception, compared to sexually active women who don’t.
- The patient does not empty his/her bladder completely, creating an environment for bacteria to multiply in the bladder. This is fairly common among pregnant women, and also men whose prostates are enlarged.
- Sexually active women have a higher risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- Part of the urinary system may be blocked.
- Other bladder or kidney problems.
- Frequent and/or vigorous sex increases the chances of physical damage or bruising, which in turn makes the likelihood of cystitis developing higher.
- During the menopause women produce less mucus in the vaginal area. This mucus stops the bacteria from multiplying.
- During the menopause the lining of a woman’s urethra gets thinner as her levels of estrogen drop. The thinner the lining becomes, the higher the chances are of infection and damage.
- A woman’s urethra opening is much nearer the anus than a man’s.