Posts Tagged ‘growth’

What is the worldwide distribution of colorectal cancer?

Colorectal cancer is the cancer of the colon and the rectum i.e. the large intestine. It is also referred to as the colorectal blight or the bowel cancer. Studies have shown that it is the third most popular and death causing cancers in women and the fourth most common and death causing cancer in men. Colorectal cancer is mainly caused due to the abnormal growth of the cells in the inner lining of the colon or the rectum.

There are various risk factors related to the colorectal cancer. These mainly include the age factor, smoking and drinking habits, family history of colorectal cancer, race and gender, obesity and many more.

We know that colorectal cancer is spread worldwide and is very common in almost every country. This article deals with the worldwide distribution of the colorectal cancer. Since the year 1975, the rate of deaths due to colorectal cancer has increased tremendously. From an annual report made for the colorectal cancer it has been seen that the number of men and women suffering from colorectal cancer are almost same with the count of men being approximately 401000 and that of women being 381000. But as seen by the figures the risk of colorectal cancer is more prominent in men than in women.

The threat of colorectal cancer is more in the westernized countries like North America, Australia and New Zealand. The percentage of incident cancer in these countries when combined was found to be 12.6 % in men and 14.1 % in women. In countries like Japan and Miyagi the risk rates of colorectal cancer have grown up to 47 % in women and 92 % in men. Whereas in United State the incidence rate of colorectal have been found to be declining instead of increasing.

An annual study has shown that there have been almost 394000 deaths due to colorectal cancer hence making it the second most common death causing cancers in European countries. But one should remember that this rate is based on the severity of the cancer and progress of the treatment being taken by the colorectal cancer patient. Race also plays a very important role in the growth of colorectal cancer. Studies have shown that Israel people who are born in countries like Europe or United States are at a higher risk of suffering from colorectal cancer. Also African Americans are more prone to colorectal cancer with a percentage of 53 % as compared to other white Americans.

Environment being a major risk factor of colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer is many times referred to as an environmental disease. The environment factor includes components such as social lifestyle, cultural and lifestyle practices. It has been found that approximately 70 % to 80 % of colorectal cancer cases in many countries are due to the environmental factors mentioned above.

The incidence rates per 100000 of colorectal cancer in various countries are as follows:
France- 53.8
Italy- 49.9
United States- 53.48
Czech Republic- 48.23
Canada (Yukon)-48.98
Canada (Nova Scotia)- 47.84
Israel- 46.79
Australia (New South Wales)- 46.92

These statistics have been provided by the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC). There are many other countries like Croatia, China, Russia, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Slovakia, Switzerland, Singapore, Denmark etc which are also prone to colorectal cancer and where the incidence rates have been tremendously increasing every year.

Other less colorectal cancer prone countries include India, Colombia, Turkey, Chile, Kuwait, Costa Rice, Malaysia, Peru, Egypt, Pakistan, Zimbabwe, Uganda, Thailand, Oman, Algeria, Bahrain, Ecuador, Peru and Tunisia.

Although colorectal cancer is spread worldwide but it is less common than other cancers like breast cancer.

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What is breast cancer? How to do breast self examination?

Cancer starts when the cells in a part of the body start to grow out of control. The growth of a cancer cell is different from normal cell growth. Cancer cells do not die but they continue to grow and form new, abnormal cells. They can harm other tissues also. The normal cells become cancer cells when there is a damage to DNA. Most cases, cancer cells can become tumor. Some cancers, like leukemia, rarely form tumors.Cancer cells spread to other parts also. It does not matter where does cancer spread, they are always named from where it started. Not all tumors are cancers.

A simple Breast Self Examination (BSE) can be done to detect any chances of breast problems like lumps or change in appearance. The breast self examination should be done about a week after your periods end. Breast self-exam should be performed on the same day each month.

Breast self examination involves the following steps :
- Use left hand for right breast and right hand for left breast.
- Remove all your clothes and stand in front of mirror.
- Observe the size, shape, color, symmetry and texture of your breasts.
- Observe for any kind of discharge or puckering of the nipple.
- Observe for sores or scaly skin.
- Examine the breasts in four different postures.
- First, both arms folded down.
- Second, both arms over the head and check for any swelling or puckering of the skin.
- Third, both arms on your hips and press firmly to flex your chest muscles.
- Fourth, bent forward to examine each breast for change in outline or dimpling of the skin.
- Lie down, check the entire right breast area with your left hand. Make small circles and follow an up and down pattern with light, medium and firm pressure over the area of the breast.
- Feel the breast surface with second, third and fourth fingers of the hand making circular motions.
- Also, squeeze the nipple for any kind of discharge.
- Repeat the same steps with left breast but with right hand.
- During shower, examine the breast tissue in the underarms.
- Feel for lumps under and along the top of the collar bone.

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Why are naps important for your child? What are small sleep problems encountered?

Naps are essential. The child needs energy which is what naps give. Growth spurts depends on an increase in total hours of sleep as well as an increase in the number of daily sleep bouts which are timed from the start of sleep until awakening. It occurs at around 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months when the baby needs to suckle more often to meet the growing appetite.

- Getting up too often
Sometimes you get up very often during night. The reason behind this can be multiple like hunger, over filled tummy, insects, stuffy nose, bed wetting, excessive activity, scary movies or a new baby.

- Bed wetting
Toddler or small children sleep too soundly and they do not feel the urge to go to toilet. It is not their fault instead limit the intake of liquids in evening and make sure that the kid goes to the bathroom before going to bed. Consult a pediatrician because sometimes frequent bed wetting can be a urinary tract infection.

- Sleep walking
It is more common in children of age group 3-7 years old. It occurs early in night. Room should be kept safe for sleep wanders. One needs to guide the child back to bed without waking because if you wake the child, it can give the child a shock. This problem runs into families but it can indicate the presence of problem such as sleep apnea.

- Nightmares
Frightening dreams can wake up your child very often. Reassure the child that it is just the dream and she should not worry until she goes back to sleep.

- Night terrors
It is the condition in which the child is not fully awake and not aware of your presence. She screams and she is covered with perspiration and heart beats are increased. The child settles down after 15-20 minutes and then goes back to sleep.

Lack of sleep can cause inattentiveness at school, poor memory skills, inconsistent academic performance, irritability, susceptibility to colds and flu, under eye circles, accidents, use of stimulants as sleep substitutes.