Once the symptoms surface it is imperative that the patient seeks the help of an expert in the domain and carries out tests to check whether the cancer can be treated. There are a number of surgical and non surgical methods to treat this cancer and a few methods are highlighted below:

Surgical methods:
Surgery is one of the most common ways to treat the condition. It is essential that you seek the support of only the best surgeons to treat this condition as a number of pre operative measures need to be taken before one can proceed for surgery. Management of electrolyte levels and blood pressure levels need to be considered before one can be operated.

Non surgical methods:
a) Mitotane can be used to treat adrenal cancer as it helps in inhibiting the production of excessive hormones in the cortex of the adrenal gland
b) Metyrapone is also used widely to treat certain types of adrenal cancer
c) Aminoglutethamide
d) Radionuclide MIBG is used to treat medullary tumors
e) Ketaconalzole is also used to non surgically treat the condition of adrenal cancer
f) Radiotherapy – is often used for bony metasteses
g) Chemotherapy – Not may doctors are confident about the effects of chemotherapy, however it can be used to treat medullary tumors
Alternative treatments:
For those who are at the early stages of adrenal cancer there are a number of alternative treatments that you can make a part of your lifestyle to experience relief from the pain the condition may cause you. However it is always advisable to carry out these treatments under the consultation of an expert.

a) Exercise: Physical exercise is always essential, even when you are not ill. However if you have been diagnosed with adrenal cancer you should take on an exercise routine that helps your body become strong to fight the disease.

b) Stress Management: When one is diagnosed with adrenal cancer, one can get very stressed because the symptoms can be painful and stress you out. However it is essential that you stay calm during the process. You can help control your stress by following a stress management program.

c) Acupuncture: This method involves the insertion of tiny needles into one’s body. However if you do decide to experiment, ensure that you are undergoing this treatment with a trained expert.

d) Acupressure: Much like acupuncture, this technique uses pressure through massage on the same locations as in acupuncture. It is essential however that one consults an expert in the domain.

e) Massage therapy: Massage therapy can help relax the body and mind and help deal with the stress that the illness may bring.

f) Diet: In order to keep the condition contained it is essential that you follow a strict diet. Blueberries, strawberries, cranberries, broccoli, green tea, black tea, apricots, celery, artichokes, cherries, cauliflowers, corn, ground flaxseed, grape juice, watermelon, oats, olive oil, onions, peas, patatos and brown rice are a few items that should be a part of your diet.

A diet rich in the following minerals can help you gain energy and become strong as well: magnesium, calcium and zinc. Vitamins like Vitamin E, C and B Complex are advisable for good health. It is essential that one does not intake alcohol, reduce the intake of refined sugar and also follow a high fibre and low fat diet.

Causes of brain cancer

Many researches have shown that people working in an oil refinery or in rubber industry have higher rates of brain cancer. Some other risk factors such as smoking, radiation exposure, and viral infection have been suggested to cause brain cancer. Brain cancer may be difficult for someone to recognize but there are some common symptoms of brain cancer that may be cause for concern.

Symptoms of brain cancer

Brain tumors can have many symptoms. Some of the most common are
• Headaches and weaknesses
• Nausea and vomiting
• Changes in ability to talk, hear or see
• Problems with balance or walking
• Problems with thinking or Memory loss
• Muscle jerking or twitching
• Weakness of arms or legs

Test for Brain Cancer

The test for brain cancer includes a thorough physical and neurological exam. A neurological helps to evaluate the brain and nervous system including some functionality of body such as reflexes, sensation, movement, balance, alertness, coordination, vision, and hearing. Imaging tests that may be performed include MRI or CT scan, which use computer technology to create detailed pictures of the brain.

Following are the list of diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of Brain cancer:

• Physical exam
• CT scan
• MRI scan
• PET scan
• EEG
• Spinal tap
• Biopsy
• Skull x-ray
• Angiogram
• Myelogram

Remember, Brain Cancer is treatable if caught in the earliest stages of the disease.

Calcium is one of the key nutrients that your body needs in order to stay strong and healthy. It is an essential building block for lifelong bone health in both men and women, among many other important functions. The amount of calcium you need depends on a number of different factors, including your age.
Your body gets the calcium it needs in one of two ways. The first and best way is through the foods you eat or the supplements you take. However, if you’re not consuming enough calcium, your body will get it in a different way, pulling it from your bones where it’s stored.

Food sources of calcium

- Dairy : Sources include milk, yogurt, and cheese.
- Vegetables and greens: Try turnip greens, mustard greens, collard greens, kale, romaine lettuce, celery, broccoli, fennel, cabbage, summer squash, green beans, Brussels sprouts, asparagus, and crimini mushrooms.
- Beans: Try black beans, pinto beans, kidney beans, white beans, black-eyed peas, or baked beans.
- Herbs and spices: Flavor your food with basil, thyme, dill weed, cinnamon, peppermint leaves, garlic, oregano, rosemary, and parsley.
- Other foods: More good sources of calcium include salmon, tofu, oranges, almonds, sesame seeds, blackstrap molasses, and sea vegetables.

Calcium and milk

Many nutritionists believe that consuming milk and dairy products will help prevent osteoporosis. On the other hand, some believe that eating a lot of dairy will do little to prevent bone loss and fractures and may actually contribute to other health problems.
If you choose to consume dairy, then it’s best to opt for 1% or nonfat milk and other low-fat dairy products, which are lower in saturated fat and natural hormones. Choosing organic products when possible will also decrease your exposure to synthetic hormones and other additives. And if you decide that dairy is not the best choice for you, or you can’t tolerate milk products, there are other ways to include calcium in your diet.

Danger Foods

- Acid Forming Foods.
- Excess Protein food.
- The Coffee Effect : Drinking more than 3 cups of coffee a day increases your risk of developing osteoporosis by 82%.
- Carbonated Drinks : Fizzy drinks are high in phosphorous, an essential mineral which when taken in excess can cause bone loss.
- Eat less salt to prevent osteoporosis.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Oestrogen seems to protect bone strength. The drop in oestrogen that occurs following menopause is mirrored by an increased loss of bone for a few years thereafter. The loss continues, but less steeply, in older women. Hormone replacement therapy replaces oestrogen and so reduces the rate of bone loss. HRT is thought to be of most benefit for preventing osteoporosis if it is started early in menopause and is taken for at least five years. Briefly, HRT is known to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, cancer of the lining of the womb (endometrial cancer), blood clots in the veins (thrombosis), stroke and heart disease.
HRT remains an option for women over 50 at risk of fractures for whom these other medicines are not suitable. HRT is also still a suitable option for women who have had an early menopause.

Bisphosphonates

Bisphosphonates are medications that slow the breakdown and removal of bone (ie, resorption). They are widely used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The most common side effects associated with bisphosphonates are digestive in nature, for example indigestion, diarrhoea, constipation and abdominal pain.

Kyphoplasty

It is also known as balloon kyphoplasty is a newer procedure. It involves placing a catheter with a balloon into a compressed vertebral body and slowly inflating the balloon to reduce the fracture. A special surgical cement is then injected into the space created by the balloon. The procedure stabilizes the fracture and restores vertebral body height.

Vertebroplasty

It is similar to Kyphoplasty, except a balloon is not used in this procedure.

Strontium ranelate

Strontium ranelate (Protelos) is used for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is usually reserved for women who cannot take bisphosphonates.

Raloxifene

Raloxifene (Evista) is a type of medicine called a selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It can be used to both prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis

Women who have had a fracture due to fragility are diagnosed with severe osteoporosis and have a high risk for another fracture. Early diagnosis can prevent fractures and slow deterioration of bone tissue.
If the doctor suspects osteoporosis, a bone scan would be suggested. – A common test that measures bone density is called a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This test measures the density of the bones in your hips, spine and wrist, which are all places likely to be affected by osteoporosis.
- Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) measures bone density in the hip and spine and produces a three-dimensional image that shows true volume density. QCT has the capacity to isolate an area for testing. The radiation level in QCT is 10 times higher than in DEXA.
- Peripheral bone density testing uses ultrasound to identify bone loss in a localized area such as the heel or hand.
Doctor may also order an ultrasound or a computerized tomography (CT) scan to help check the density of your bones.

Causes of Osteoporosis

- Osteoporosis occurs when there is an imbalance between new bone formation and old bone resorption.
- The body may fail to form enough new bone, or too much old bone may be reabsorbed, or both.
- The leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men.
- Other factors that may contribute to bone loss in this age group include inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, lack of weight-bearing exercise, and other age-related changes in endocrine functions.

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis can be present without any symptoms for decades because osteoporosis doesn’t cause symptoms until bone fractures. he symptom associated with osteoporotic fractures usually is pain; the location of the pain depends on the location of the fracture.

Risk factors of Osteoporosis

- Getting older.
- Being small and thin.
- Having a family history of osteoporosis.
- Taking certain medicines.
- Being a white or Asian woman.
- Having osteopenia, which is low bone mass.
- Cigarette smoking, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia, low amounts of calcium in the diet, heavy alcohol consumption, inactive lifestyle, and use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids and anticonvulsants, are also risk factors.
- Rheumatoid arthritis itself is a risk factor for osteoporosis.

Facts and Figures

- Osteoporosis is a major public health threat for 44 million Americans, 68 percent of whom are women.
- One out of every two women and one in four men age 50 and older will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime.
- Osteoporosis can strike at any age.
- Osteoporosis is responsible for more than 1.5 million fractures annually, including approximately 300,000 hip fractures, 700,000 vertebral fractures, 250,000 wrist fractures, and more than 300,000 fractures at other sites.

Treatment with medicines

Abnormal vaginal bleeding caused by fibroids may require scraping of the uterine cavity in a procedure known as a D&C. If no malignancy (cancer) is found, this bleeding often can be controlled by hormonal medications. You may be given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptives (birth control pills), gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, or RU-486.

Surgery

Surgery options for treatment have both risks and benefits.
- Myomectomy is the surgical removal of the fibroids only. This can be accomplished through hysteroscopy, laparoscopy, or, less frequently, an open procedure (an incision in your abdomen). The surgical approach depends on the size and location of your fibroid.
- Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus (and fibroids). It is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in the treatment of fibroids and is considered a cure. Depending on the size of the fibroid, hysterectomy can be performed through your vagina or abdomen.
- Uterine artery embolization, or clotting of the arterial blood supply to the fibroid, is an innovative approach that has shown promising results. This procedure is done by inserting a catheter (small tube) into an artery of the leg (the femoral artery), using special x-ray video to trace the arterial blood supply to the uterus, then clotting the artery with tiny plastic or gelatin sponge particles the size of grains of sand.
- In a laparotomy, an incision is made in the abdomen to reach the uterus. The advantage of this is that large fibroids can be quickly removed. The surgeon is able to feel the uterus, which is helpful in locating myomas that may be deep in the uterine wall. The disadvantage of a laparotomy is that it requires an abdominal incision.

Fibroids often occur in women with elevated levels of estrogen. These elevated levels are usually due to the fact that the liver has been unable to process the food properly to get rid of the excessive estrogen. A diet which puts stress on the liver is one which is rich in saturated fats, with dairy products and red meat forming a large part of it; along with sugar based foods like chocolates.

Some fibroids can be as small as a pea, but others can be as large as a seven- or eight-month-old foetus.
Fibroids are given different names depending on where and how they grow:
- Submucosal fibroids grow on the inside of the womb and extend into the uterine cavity.
- Intramural fibroids grow within the uterine wall (the wall of the womb).
- Subserol fibroids grow on the outside of the womb, on the lining between the uterus and the pelvic cavity.
- Penduculated fibroids can be attached either to the inside or outside wall of the womb, and they are characterised by a stalk

Symptoms of Fibroids

The two most common symptoms of fibroids are:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding : Women with fibroids often have longer periods, which may last seven or more days. These periods may be unusually heavy, sometimes requiring a woman to change her pad or tampon hourly.
- A feeling of pressure in the pelvis : When a fibroid grows large, it can cause a feeling of pressure in the pelvis. Pressure can cause frequent urination, pain during intercourse, constipation, abdominal bloating, abdominal pain and/or back ache.

Why does being stressed out cause irregular periods?

When we are under stress, our adrenal glands are designed to secrete the hormone cortisol which has a direct impact on the sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and DHEA.
Eating disorders, dieting, drug use, and reliance on stimulants like caffeine and alcohol are also interpreted by the body as kinds of stress. Poor nutrition seems to physically change the proteins in the brain so they can no longer send the proper signals for normal ovulation.

Irregular menstrual periods in young women may be a warning sign of a hormonal shortage that could lead to osteoporosis. Premature ovarian failure occurs when the ovaries stop producing eggs and reproductive hormones well in advance of natural menopause.

Treating Irregular Periods

Depending on the cause of your irregular periods, there may or may not be much you can do about them.
- Reduce your stress levels.
- Get help for your eating disorder.
- Don’t over exercise.

Medical Treatments

There are a few medical treatments which may be helpful in regulating your period:
- Hormonal Contraceptives : These contraceptives combine estrogen and progesterone and maintain your body’s hormones at specific and balanced levels.
- Hormone Supplements: If you have a specific hormone problem, such as overproduction of testosterone, hormonal supplements may be able to help regulate your periods.

- Over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers, such as paracetamol, or ibuprofen, can be taken to reduce discomfort.
- Drinking plenty of water is often recommended as a treatment for cystitis.
- If your symptoms are moderate, or severe, your GP may prescribe a short course of antibiotics. This will usually be in the form of a tablet to be swallowed 2-4 times a day, for three days.
- For a more complicated case of cystitis, such as cystitis with another underlying infection, you may be given antibiotics to take for 5-10 days.

How does a doctor diagnose cystitis?

The diagnosis of cystitis is primarily based on symptoms and signs. Visual appearance of the urine is not helpful. The most important examination of urine is done by chemical testing (dipstick test), which is very quick, and by urine culture where the specimen is sent to a hospital laboratory to grow and examine the bacteria. The specimen must be fresh. It is also important that the woman has separated her labia (lips) during urination, to avoid bacteria from the skin and vagina contaminating the specimen. If there is inflammation, the doctor will identify bacteria and red and white blood cells in the urine using the dipstick test. If this is positive, your doctor can prescribe antibiotics immediately while waiting for further confirmation from the urine culture.